Nursing Retention in South Africa

Nursing Retention in South Africa second Paper Quantitative Research Title Mokoka,K.E., Ehlers, V.J. Oosthuizen, M.J. (2011). Variables affecting the maintenance of enlisted nurture in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. Curationis, 34(1), 9. Recovered from http://dx.doi. organization/10.4102/curationis. v34i1.16 Presentation South African Nursing Council has anticipated a basic nursing staff lack inside the nation sooner rather than later. This wonders happened as the quantity of attendant alumni has decreased by 42% over a time of 10 years. The creators did this exploratory expressive quantitative examination with the expectation to research business related variables that impact medical caretakers choice to remain with ebb and flow boss. Surveys were presented on 536 enrolled medical caretakers chose utilizing arbitrary testing technique. Creators utilized postal polls as information assortment instrument to focused respondents with covering letters and stepped tended to bring envelope back. Be that as it may, just 108 surveys returned where 73.1% of reacted medical attendants communicated musings of finding employment elsewhere. Information investigation of this examination utilized quantitative enlightening strategies utilizing Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) apparatus. Thus, monet ary components was the most significant factor impacting attendants maintenance. Suggestions dependent on the aftereffects of this examination made to the businesses for usage to lessen turnover and upgrade maintenance. Information assortment technique will be examined in this examination. Information assortment strategy Organized self report overview based technique was utilized by the creators in the information assortment. Analysts have the choices of up close and personal meeting, telephone meet, postal surveys and on the web (electronic) polls. Since this cross sectional quantitative review comprised of huge number of test to accomplish speculation of the investigation, postal surveys as information assortment instrument is supported (Stenhammar et al., 2011). Notwithstanding that, Ashby et al. (2010) detailed that postal surveys apparatus is every now and again utilized for wellbeing administrations inquire about. Truth be told, postal polls approach utilized by scientists can be appropriated all through a more extensive geographic territory in this manner builds the quantity of bring tests back. McDonald and Adam (2003) guaranteed that postal information assortment got twice reaction rate than online technique. So also, Shih and Fan (2007) revealed that postal mail overview gives better reaction rate as contrast with electronic mail after an audit into 35 investigations. In this way, high surveys reaction rate will guarantee studys legitimacy and keep away from inclination (Stenhammar et al., 2011). In any case, postal st udy with deficient surveys is rejected subsequently the event of thing missing information lessens information quality. In the interim, power work set up to guarantee consummation of poll for online information isn't feasible for postal information. In reality, Basi (1999) found that culmination of information by online respondent is more than that of postal respondent. Despite what might be expected, Stanton (1998) analyzed postal and online surveys and proposed that there were no distinctions in the thing inconstancy and measure of deficient information. All things being equal, there were assortment of discoveries in the investigations that look at the postal and online strategies (for example Buchanan,2003; Epstein et al., 2001; Lewis et al., 2009). The same number of scientists start to perceive the approaching pattern where organize collaborations continuously gain notoriety among the populace, it is profoundly conceivable that electronic gadgets will assume a functioning job in time. As indicated by McDonald and Adam (2003), online innovations may incorporate intelligent TV, handphones and 3D reenactments touch screen gadgets. Anyway in 1999, Dommeyer and Moriarty presumed that online information assortment techniques don't bring about higher reaction levels and Cobanoglu et al. (2001) expressed that postal study was a typical research strategy in year 2000. While investigating the social foundation of the members, mail reaction tests indicated traditional and self observer profiles. While, the online reaction tests demonstrated profile of innovation keen gathering (Schillewaert Meulemeester, 2005). Plainly, entrance of advancements and adjustment of clients are other significant components to consider by specialists while al luding to the social-socioeconomics example of the populace. There were aggregate of 89 inquiries in this investigation that may decrease the reaction rate essentially. Given the conditions that medical attendants in the example bunch have been occupied at work environment and back home (dealing with family unit errand), they are less inclined to take an interest in the examination effectively. For this situation, question plans by scientists must be engaged and short to remove required data and support interest. As brought up in a pilot study completed by Jepson et al. (2004) the limit for survey length on a great reaction rate was around 1000 words. Moreover, Edwards et al. (2003) upheld this theory after the survey of 251 significant reports presuming that utilizing shorter poll builds reaction rate. In another word, poll configuration is imperative to accelerate returns. Taking everything into account, amateur scientists consider the utilization of polls are encouraged to allude specialists and writing on the comparable examination ( Drumm ond et al., 2007; Dunn et al., 2002; Marshall, 2004 ). Of course, conventional research technique, for example, postal study costs more when contrasted with online overview. Postal expense incorporates those of printing, getting ready mail spread and two way postage (MacDonald Adam, 2003; Mehta Sivadas, 1995; Weibie Wallace, 1998). Besides, to improve postal poll reaction rates scarcely any measures were presented for models remembering pencils and erasers for the postage bundle, sending update as instant messages or electronic mail. For the examination on cost adequacy of including pencils and erasers, Aveyard et al. (2001) found that there was no advantage appeared to set off the expense. All things considered, instant messages as recommended can be advantageously executed as a system to build reaction rate by specialists since members set aside shorter effort to get to instant messages on telephone than electronic mail ( Keding et al., 2016; Man et al., 2010). End Determination of information assortment instrument is basic to upgrade review quality while thinking about the part of exactness, cost and practicality. Lamentably, examines seeing near outcome among various information assortment techniques throughout the years has delivered clashing result (Weigold et al., 2013). In time, social insurance suppliers being the innovatively complex populace might have the option to give higher reaction rate in electronic review with the improvement of web availability and fruitful innovation appropriation (Weible Wallace, 1998). In general, progressing study is required to screen the advancement of medicinal services inquire about so the scientists can settle on the appropriate technique for their investigations.

Strenuous Life Essays - Freemen Of The City Of London,

Arduous Life In the late 1800s, Theodore Roosevelt turned out to be notable for conveying well known talks. One of the fundamental themes that Roosevelt lectured was the demanding life. His way of thinking of the exhausting life was that one ought to acquire things from working for them. Roosevelt instructed that the most noteworthy type of achievement originates from the individuals who work the hardest and exhibit the most endeavors. Having the fulfillment of realizing that you worked difficultly for something, and consequently have a compensating result, that is the arduous life. Be that as it may, is Roosevelt's way of thinking of the demanding life still relevant today? August 13, 1999 denoted a significant day in my life. On the thirteenth, I turned 17 and finished my driving assessment. In the wake of having invested loads of energy contemplating it, I concluded that since I had this new obligation, I should utilize it furthering my potential benefit. Since I could drive and submit myself, I chose to begin to look for my first employment. The primary spot that I had applied to, Allure Hair Designers, employed me as their assistant. I realized that things throughout my life were going to change. Toward the finish of my first seven day stretch of work, I got my first check. I returned home from work that day, and sat in room the entire evening considering what I ought to do with this cash. Prior to this, the idea of planning cash had never truly happened to me since I realized that I was constantly ready to rely upon my folks for monetary help. In any case, I concluded that things would be distinctive at this point. I utilize my first check to take my folks out for a pleasant supper at their preferred eatery. This café isn't by and by one of my top choices, yet for all that they have accomplished for me, it was the least I could do. At the point when the bill came, I paid for it, without faltering. As I trusted that the server will present to me my change, I understood this was the best dinner that I had ever had. The explanation behind this was not on the grounds that the food was arranged particularly well, yet rather in light of the fact that I appreciated the way that I earned it. This is only one model that shows that Roosevelt's way of thinking of the demanding life is as yet appropriate today. In spite of the fact that not every person on the planet might be still, small voice of it regularly, this hypothesis applies to everybody at once. Throughout everyday life, everybody faces when they need to work to gain their achievements. For me, this implied finding a new line of work, and figuring out how it felt to function for something. In the late 1800s, Theodore Roosevelt turned out to be notable for conveying well known talks. One of the fundamental subjects that Roosevelt lectured was the arduous life. His way of thinking of the difficult life was that one ought to acquire things from working for them. Roosevelt encouraged that the most elevated type of achievement originates from the individuals who work the hardest and exhibit the most endeavors. Having the fulfillment of realizing that you worked arduously for something, and consequently have a compensating result, that is the exhausting life. However, is Roosevelt's way of thinking of the exhausting life still relevant today? August 13, 1999 denoted a significant day in my life. On the thirteenth, I turned 17 and breezed through my driving assessment. Subsequent to having invested heaps of energy considering it, I concluded that since I had this new obligation, I should utilize it to further my potential benefit. Since I could drive and submit myself, I chose to begin to look for my first employment. The primary spot that I had applied to, Allure Hair Designers, employed me as their assistant. I realized that things throughout my life were going to change. Toward the finish of my first seven day stretch of work, I got my first check. I returned home from work that day, and sat in room the entire evening considering what I ought to do with this cash. Prior to this, the idea of planning cash had never truly happened to me since I realized that I was constantly ready to rely upon my folks for monetary help. Notwithstanding, I concluded that things would be distinctive at this point. I utilize my first check to take my folks

How to Look More Approachable

How to Look More Approachable Social Anxiety Disorder Treatment and Therapy Social Skills Print How to Look More Approachable By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Updated on June 29, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Westend61 / Getty Images If you have  social anxiety disorder (SAD), you may struggle with how to look approachable.?? Perhaps youve never considered the signals that you send through your body language, or maybe you feel powerless to control your body because of your anxiety. How to Improve Your Body Language to Be Approachable If you struggle to meet new people or join in the conversation at social gatherings, it might be that your body language is sending the message for others to stay away. How then can you improve your body language to appear more approachable? Below are ten tips to get you started.?? Smile. Although it is possible to overdo smiling, generally it is better to smile versus frown. Try to find things that genuinely make you happy or laugh and your smile will come across as natural rather than forced.Be Accessible. If you are constantly on your smartphone or buried in a newspaper, people will feel like they are interrupting you. Make sure that you are accessible and open to communication from others.Avoid Blocks. In the same vein, make sure that you arent using objects to shield yourself from others. At a party, hold your drink at your side instead of close to your chest. Keeping objects between you and others makes you appear guarded and closed.Keep Your Head Up. It is hard for others to know to approach you if your head is constantly down; they need to see your face to feel like you want to get to know them. Keep your head level when walking, meeting people  and during social situations.Use Eye Contact. When you do end up talking with someone, be sure to maintain ey e contact. A good rule is about 60 percent of the time you should be looking in the other persons eyes. Avoiding eye contact makes you appear untrustworthy or disinterested. If direct eye contact feels hard, try looking at only one eye at a time, or at a spot between a persons eyes. They wont be able to tell the difference.Angle Towards. Watch your feet, your legs, and your body; you should be angling toward the person you are talking to, not away. Any body language that makes you look like you are ready to bolt for the door means the other person will feel like you are just not interested.Avoid Nervous Habits. Even though you might be nervous, avoid the habits that go along with the feeling. Stop touching your face or playing with your hair. Dont fidget with your pen or the change in your pocket. Keep your hands relaxed at your sides or use them to gesture when making conversation.Mirror the Other Person. Use this technique sparingly when appropriate. If you are in conversation wit h another person, mirror his body language to make him feel more comfortable; make some of the same movements that he does. Dont overdo this strategy or it will become obvious what you are doing.Nod During Conversation. When listening to someone, nod to show that you are paying attention and interested. Doing so reinforces for the other person that you want to be involved in the conversation. One way to take the focus off yourself during a conversation is to plan to share what youve heard with someone else afterward. This will cause you to stay focused, ask questions, and summarize to make sure you understand.Be Positive. Beyond body language, always be positive. Say nice things about other people instead of mean things. Approach others and include those who seem to be left out. Be a positive person and you will attract other positive people to you. A Word From Verywell If you suffer from severe anxiety, it might feel overwhelming to try these strategies to appear more approachable. Although it may  feel unnatural at first, with the time you should start to feel more open and confident as a result of changing your body language. If, however, you still struggle to be open with others, it is best to seek help for your social anxiety. There are effective treatments such as medication and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) that will make a difference in your life.??

The Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

The Regents of the University of California v. Allan Bakke (1978), was a landmark case decided by the United States Supreme Court. The decision had historical and legal significance because it upheld affirmative action, declaring that race could be one of several determining factors in college admission policies, but rejected the use of racial quotas. Fast Facts: Regents of the University of California v. Bakke Case Argued: Oct. 12, 1977Decision Issued: June 26, 1978Petitioner: Regents of the University of CaliforniaRespondent: Allan Bakke, a 35-year-old white man who had applied twice for admission to the University of California Medical School at Davis and was rejected both timesKey Question: Did the University of California violate the 14th Amendments Equal Protection Clause, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964, by practicing an affirmative action policy that resulted in the repeated rejection of Bakkes application for admission to its medical school?Majority Decision: Justices Burger, Brennan, Stewart, Marshall, Blackman, Powell, Rehnquist, StevensDissenting: Justice WhiteRuling: The Supreme Court upheld affirmative action, ruling that race could be one of several determining factors in college admission policies, but it rejected the use of racial quotas as unconstitutional. Case History In the early 1970s, many colleges and universities across America were in the beginning stages of making major changes to their admissions programs in an effort to diversify the student body by increasing the number of minority students on campus. This effort was particularly challenging due to the 1970s massive increase of students applying to medical and law schools. It increased the competition and negatively impacted the efforts to create campus environments that promoted equality and diversity. Admission policies that relied predominantly on candidates grades and test scores was an unrealistic approach for the schools that wanted to increase the minority population on campus.   Dual Admission Programs In 1970, the University of California Davis School of Medicine (UCD) was receiving 3,700 applicants for a mere 100 openings. At the same time, UCD administrators were committed to working with an affirmative action plan often referred to as a quota or set-aside program. It was set up with two admissions programs in order to increase the number of disadvantaged students admitted to the school.  There was the regular admissions program and the special admissions program.Each year 16 out of 100 places were reserved for disadvantaged students and minorities including (as stated by the university), blacks, Chicanos, Asians, and American Indians. Regular Admissions Program Candidates who quailed for the regular admissions program had to have an undergraduate grade point average (GPA) above 2.5. Some of the qualifying candidates were then interviewed. Those who passed were given a score based on their performance on the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT), science grades, extracurricular activities, recommendations, awards and other criteria that made up their benchmark scores. An admissions committee would then make a decision on which candidates would be accepted into the school. Special Admissions Program Candidates accepted into the special admissions programs were minorities or those who were economically or educationally disadvantaged. The special admissions candidates did not have to have a grade point average above 2.5 and they did not compete with the benchmark scores of the regular admission applicants.   From the time that the dual admissions program was implemented the 16 reserved spots were filled by minorities, despite the fact that many white applicants applied for the special disadvantaged program. Allan Bakke In 1972, Allan Bakke was a 32-year-old white male working as an engineer at NASA, when he decided to pursue his interest in medicine. Ten years earlier, Bakke had graduated from the University of Minnesota with a degree in mechanical engineering and a grade-point average of 3.51 out of 4.0 and was asked to join the national mechanical engineering honor society. He then joined the U.S. Marine Corps for four years which included a seven-month combat tour of duty in Vietnam. In 1967, he became a captain and was given an honorable discharge. After leaving the Marines he went to work for National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) as a research engineer.   Bakke continued going to school and in June 1970, he earned his masters degree in mechanical engineering, but despite this, his interest in medicine continued to grow. He was missing some of chemistry and biology courses required for admission into medical school so he attended night classes at San Jose State University and Stanford University. He completed all the prerequisites and had an overall GPA of 3.46. During this time he worked part-time as a volunteer in the emergency room at El Camino Hospital in Mountain View, California. He scored an overall 72 on the MCAT, which was three points higher than the average applicant to UCD and 39 points higher than the average special program applicant. In 1972, Bakke applied to UCD. His biggest concern was being rejected due to his age. He had surveyed 11 medical schools; all who said that he was over their their age limit. Age discrimination was not an issue in the 1970s. In March he was invited to interview with Dr. Theodore West who described Bakke as a very desirable applicant who he recommended.  Two months later, Bakke received his rejection letter. Angered by how the special admissions program was being managed, Bakke contacted his lawyer, Reynold H. Colvin, who prepared a letter for Bakke to give to the medical schools chairman of the admissions committee, Dr. George Lowrey. The letter, which was sent in late May, included a request that Bakke was placed on the wait-list and that he could register during the fall of 1973 and take courses until an opening became available. When Lowrey failed to reply, Covin prepared a second letter in which he asked the chairman if the special admissions program was an illegal racial quota. Bakke was then invited to meet with Lowreys assistant, 34-year-old Peter Storandt so that the two could discuss why he was rejected from the program and to advise him to apply again. He suggested that if he was rejected again he may want to take UCD to court; Storandt had a few names of lawyers that could possibly help him if he decided to go in that direction. Storandt was later disciplined and demoted for displaying unprofessional behavior when meeting with Bakke. In August 1973, Bakke applied for early admission into UCD. During the interview process, Lowery was the second interviewer. He gave Bakke an 86 which was the lowest score Lowery had given out that year. Bakke received his second rejection letter from UCD at the end of September 1973. The following month, Colvin filed a complaint on Bakkes behalf with HEWs Office of Civil Rights, but when HEW failed to send a timely response, Bakke decided to move forward. On June 20, 1974, Colvin brought suit on behalf of Bakke in Yolo County Superior Court. The complaint included a request that UCD admit Bakke into its program because the special admissions program rejected him because of his race. Bakke alleged that the special admissions process violated the U.S. Constitutions Fourteenth Amendment, the California Constitutions article I, section 21, and Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.   UCDs counsel filed a cross-declaration and asked the judge to find that the special program was constitutional and legal. They argued that Bakke would not have been admitted even if there had been no seats set aside for minorities.   On November 20, 1974, Judge Manker found the program unconstitutional and in violation of Title VI, no race or ethnic group should ever be granted privileges or immunities not given to every other race. Manker did not order to admit Bakke to UCD, but rather that the school reconsiders his application under a system that did not make determinations based on race. Both Bakke and the university appealed the judges ruling. Bakke because it was not ordered that he be admitted to UCD and the university because the special admissions program was ruled unconstitutional.   Supreme Court of California Due to the seriousness of the case, the Supreme Court of California ordered that the appeals be transferred to it. Having gained a reputation as being one of the most liberal appellate courts, it was assumed by many that it would rule on the side of the university. Surprisingly, the court upheld the lower-court ruling in a six to one vote. Justice Stanley Mosk wrote, No applicant may be rejected because of his race, in favor of another who is less qualified, as measured by standards applied without regard to race.   The lone dissenter, Justice Matthew O. Tobriner wrote, It is anomalous that the Fourteenth Amendment that served as the basis for the requirement that elementary and secondary schools be compelled to integrate should now be turned around to forbid graduate schools from voluntarily seeking that very objective. The court ruled that the university could no longer use race in the admissions process. It ordered that the university provide proof that Bakkes application would have been rejected under a program that was not based on race. When the university admitted that it would be unable to provide the proof, the ruling was amended to order Bakkes admission into the medical school.   That order, however, was stayed by U.S. Supreme Court in November 1976, pending the outcome of the petition for a writ of certiorari to be filed by the Regents of the University of California to the U.S. Supreme Court. The university filed a petition for writ of certiorari the following month.

The Life Cycle of a Social Problem - 1478 Words

The Life Cycle of a Social Problem nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A social problem is a condition that a group of people view as being undesirable. These can be a variety of different à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“problems.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?They can occur in your community, school, church or any place that people interact with each other or an object. When a social problem arises there is a general way that they are handled. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The earliest of definition on how a social problem is reconized was made by Richard Fuller and Richard Myers. There cycle had three stages. The first stage was that the group had to some situation or behavior as a problem. Once they stated that there was a problem the next step was to transforms the situation or beahvior into a†¦show more content†¦This is the most important part of the life cycle of a social problem . This part have huge impact on how and what solutions are considered. During this debate there are a couple of various causal interpretations. One of these is a systematic attribution which the critical approach leans towards. In way of thinking the system itself is problematic and generates difficulties for the individual. This means that the issue is a problem and the person or group of people that brought forth this issue will have to show why it is a problem in the social world. This can difficult situation which is a norm when tryi ng to change something. The next way of interpreting a situation is called personal attribution. This is primarily used by dominated groups and also public officials. They use this because it is much easier to blame the person or group that has brought this issue into public light then to try to fixing it. Once all sides has said there peace the last part of this step is complex bargaining between both sides. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The last stage of the life cycle of a social problem is that of a resolution. Power is the number one way on how the solution is going to come about and what solutions are going to be even considered to be a way to solve the issue at hand. People in power determine four basic things. They first have the decision on if the issue will even reach theShow MoreRelatedThe Life Cycle of a Social Problem1494 Words   |  6 PagesThe Life Cycle of a Social Problem A social problem is a condition that a group of people view as being undesirable. These can be a variety of different â€Å"problems.†They can occur in your community, school, church or any place that people interact with each other or an object. When a social problem arises there is a general way that they are handled. The earliest of definition on how a social problem is recognized was made by Richard Fuller and Richard Myers. There cycle had three stages. TheRead More406 week 1 life cycle Essay968 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Life Cycle BSHS/406 08/04/2014 Life Cycle In this paper I will be writing about the life cycle and the understanding of what impacts an individual. I will be explaining three major concepts such as how self-determination impacts an individual’s ability to successfully negotiate challenges in each life cycle. Also how autonomy impacts an individual’s ability to successfully negotiateRead MoreClimate Change : A Global Threat For The Population1377 Words   |  6 Pagessecurity problem for present and upcoming generations with the passage of time. It is now predicted that these climate changes will increase the risk of violent conflict. Climate change is not only affecting the quality of life, but it is also causing limited access to natural resources that are essential in sustaining human life. It is also restricting access to opportunities and services that are helping people to retain standard quality living conditions. 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As we grow older, life gets more complicatedRead MorePoverty And Poverty1721 Words   |  7 Pagesnever-ending nightmare of living life in hunger, without shelter, being exposed to a series of illnesses, being jobless, fearing for the future, and living life one day after the other without knowing what to expect. For these reasons, the United Nations is trying its best to help those who are in dire need. More attention needs to be given to poverty rather than other global issues as indicated by the United Nations because it has placed poverty as the number one problem that needs to be resolved in

Neil Simon Free Essays

Marvin Neil Simon was born on July 4, 1927, and grew up in Washington Heights at the northern tip of Manhattan. He attended New York University briefly (1944-45) and the University of Denver (1945-46) before joining the United States Army where he began his writing career working for the Army camp newspaper. After being discharged from the army, Simon returned to New York and took a job as a mailroom clerk for Warner Brother’s East Coast office. We will write a custom essay sample on Neil Simon or any similar topic only for you Order Now He and his brother Danny began writing comedy revues and eventually found their way into radio, then television. Simon received several Emmy Award nominations for his television writing, then moved on to the stage where he quickly established himself as America’s most successful commercial playwright by creating an unparalleled string of Broadway hits beginning with Come Blow Your Horn. During the 1966-67 seasons, Barefoot in the Park, The Odd Couple, Sweet Charity and The Star Spangled Girl were all running simultaneously. In 1973, following the death of his wife, Simon reached a low point in his career with two failures The Good Doctor (1973) and God’s Favorite (1976). A move to California, however, reinvigorated him and he produced a much more successful play later that year in California Suite. After marrying actress Marsha Mason, Simon went on to write Chapter Two (1977) which was considered by many critics to be his finest play to that date. His fourth musical, They’re Playing Our Song, proved fairly successful in 1979, but his next three plays (I Ought to Be in Pictures, Fools and a revised version of Little Me) all proved unsuccessful at the box office. During the course of his career, Simon has received around 27 awards. He got his first award in 1957 for your show of show and his latest one was in 2006 for American humor. How to cite Neil Simon, Papers

Sixteen Most Significant Events In US History Between 1789 To 1975 Ess

Sixteen Most Significant Events in US History between 1789 to 1975 After a review of United States' history from 1789 to 1975, I have identified what I believe are the sixteen most significant events of that time period. The attached sheet identifies the events and places them in brackets by time period. The following discussion provides my reasoning for selecting each of the events and my opinion as to their relative importance in contrast to each other. Finally, I have concluded that of the sixteen events, the Civil War had the most significant impact on the history of the time period in which it occurred and remains the most significant event in American history. The discussion begins with bracket I covering the period from 1789-1850, and pairs the number one seed in the bracket "Mexican-American War" against the fourth seed "Louisiana Purchase". The second seed in the bracket "Marbury v Madison" is paired against the third seed "Monroe Doctrine". The purchase of Louisiana from France in 1803 was the most popular and momentous event of the Jefferson presidency. It had several significant economic and political implications on this period in history. From an economic perspective it doubled the size of the United States at a price of only fifteen million dollars. It allowed settlement beyond the Mississippi River in a territory that was rich in minerals and natural resources. It eliminated the United States' long struggle for control of the Mississippi River and its outlet to the sea, and as Jefferson stated, it freed America from European influence at its borders. In addition to these economic implications, the purchase also had historic political implications. The acquisition took place at a time when the government was still exploring the powers that the Constitution had granted it. Jefferson, himself, carefully deliberated whether the Constitution granted him the right to acquire territory for the purpose of expandi the Union. He reflected on the possible need for an amendment to the Constitution to justify the action. Finally, under intense pressure, he allowed the purchase and set an important precedent. His action established the power of the president to expand the borders of the United States under the existing powers of the Constitution. Despite the economic and political implications of the Louisiana Purchase, the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) had more significant historical implications on this time period. While disagreements between the two countries had been accumulating for two decades, the war was primarily the result of American feelings of "manifest destiny" to expand their borders. The treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the war, granted the United States the regions of California, Nevada and Utah, and parts of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming. However, the significant result of the war on United States' history would be the controversy over whether the territories acquired should be slave or free. The country, at this time, was divided between proslave sentiment in the South and antislave sentiment in the North. Various attempts at compromise to settle the controversy, such as "The Compromise of 1850" and the "Kansas Nebraska Act" failed. Finally, when the issue could not be resol peacefully, the country was drawn into a civil war. It is evident that the outcome of the Mexican-American War became one of the most influential, indirect causes of the Civil War. Both the Louisiana Purchase and the Mexican-American War expanded United States borders and had beneficial economic impacts. However, the implications of expansion brought about by the Mexican-American War were more significant. While the Louisiana Purchase helped define the constitutional powers of the president, the Mexican-American War further exacerbated the slave issue which ultimately resulted in civil war. The Monroe Doctrine was the most important assertion to date of United States' foreign policy in history. The doctrine was delivered by President James Monroe as part of his annual message to Congress in 1823. This statement of position would dictate the policy of the United States in international affairs for years to come. The doctrine was in reaction to continual interference of European nations in the affairs of Latin America. It provided a framework for how the United States would deal with foreign intervention in the western hemisphere. It stated that Europe was to remain out of the affairs of countries in the western hemisphere and any attempt to intervene would be viewed as a threat to the United States. In return, the United States agreed to stay out of European affairs. Marbury v Madison is arguably one of the most important decisions by the Supreme Court in United States' history. The case, which